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Objective:To simulate the biomechanical characteristics of the real human thoracic cavity with a multi-spring group variable damping structure, and to design a new cardiopulmonary resuscitation training manikin based on the simulated thoracic biomechanical characteristics combined with the original electronic feedback system, and to test its application effect in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) teaching.Methods:A total of 60 undergraduate students majoring in five-year clinical medicine of Batch 2019 in Naval Medical University were selected as the research objects and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 30 students in each group. The control group used the traditional manikin for CPR training, and the experimental group used the new type of manikin for CPR training based on the control group. After the training, the two groups of personnel were assessed for single skill. The single skill was mainly manual CPR operations, including artificial respiration and chest compressions. The theory and skill operation assessment of CPR and satisfaction for teaching method in the two groups were compared. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:The students in the experimental group scored (54.33±3.09) points in the single skill operation assessment, which were significantly better than that of the students in the control group [(52.33±3.08) points], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The follow-up questionnaire showed that the students in the experimental group had a better evaluation of the teaching and training effect of the new type of manikin. Conclusion:Compared with the traditional manikin, the new CPR manikin can simulate the CPR emergency scene of the real human body, which can effectively improve the CPR teaching effect of standardized training for medical students, and help the standardization, normalization, and popularization of CPR technology in China.
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When the central nervous system is stimulated, the opioid neuropeptide?-endorphine (?-EP) is liberated into the blood stream. The result of this work showedthat the antigen-presenting capability (APCP) of normal human monocytes (Mon) wasmarkedly enhanced (P0. 05), sug-gesting that the effect of ?-EP was mediated through the opioid receptors on the Mon.
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Insulin has been found to enhance specific immune function in experimental animals. However, it remains hitherto unnoticed whether the antigen-presenting capability and expression of Ia antigens of the macrophage, known to be essential for the induction of both cell-mediated immunity and humoral immune response to most antigens, could also be influenced by insulin. In the present study, it was demonstrated that insulin, in a concentration of 1.03?10~(-7) mol/L, promoted the antigen-presenting capability of human monocytes significantly. Furthermore, we found that the expression of HLADQ antigen on monocytes was markedly enhanced by insulin while that of HLA-DR determinant was not affected significantly. We suggested, therefore, that the promotion of antigen-presenting capability of human monocytes by insulin may be attributed, at least in part, to its enhancing effect on the expression of HLA-DQ antigen on the monocytes.
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Mononuclear cells obtained from heparinized fresh venous blood of healthy male blood donors by means of Ficoll-Hypaque densitz gradient centrifugation were subjected to petri dish adhesion and nylon-wool-column separation to harvest monocytes (Mon) and T lymphocytes (T) high purity, respectively. APF of Mon, as reflected by ~3H-TdR incorporated T proliferation, was assayed after the Mon had been preincubated with PPD (purified protein derivative, end concentration 9.25 ?g/ml), PPD+ascorbic acid, PPD+cortisol, and PPD+ascorbic acid+cortisol for 24 hours at 37℃, in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO_2. It was shown that APF of the Mon was markedly enhanced by ascorbic acid in a concentration of 3.75mM (P0.05).
RESUMO
Mononuclear cells separated from heparinized fresh venous blood of healthy male bloodclonors by means of Ficoll- Hypaque density gradient centrifugation were subjected to petri dish adhesion and nylon wool-column separation to obtain monocytes and T lymphocytes of high purity, respectively. Antigen- presenting capability of the monocytes, as reflected by T lymphocyte proliferation, was assayed after the monocytes had been preincubated with PPD (purified protein derivative, end concentration12.5 ?g /ml ) and methione enkephalin (M-Enk) in defferent concentrations for 24 hours at 37 ℃ in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO_2. It was shown that the antigen-presenting capability of the monocytes was markedly enhanced by M-Enk when its concentration was from 10 ~(-10) M to 10~(-14) M(close to the normal serum concentration of M-Enk), and this effect of M-Enk could be cancelled if the monocytes had been pretreated with 10~(-6) M naloxone for 30 min before addition of PPD and M-Enk, suggesting that the effect of M-Enk in these concentrations was mediated through the opioid receptors on the monocytes. M-Enk in high concentrations (10~(-4) M-10~(-6)), however, was found to inhibit th'e antigen- presenting capability significantly and this inhibition could not be cancelled by pretreatment of the monocytes with naloxone.